BIOCATALYTIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROMOTED BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE Zolotareva O .K ., Topchiy N .M ., Fediuk O. M

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ISSN 2410-7751 (Print)
ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

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Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 5 , 2023
P. 5-21, Bibliography 115, Engl.
UDC:: 606:577.112:551.583
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.05.005

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BIOCATALYTIC CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROMOTED BY CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

Zolotareva O .K ., Topchiy N .M ., Fediuk O. M

Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

The rapid and steady increase in the concentration of CO₂, the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, leads to extreme weather and climate events. Due to the burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal, and natural gas), the concentration of CO₂ in the air has been increasing in recent decades by more than 2 ppm per year and in the last year alone - by 3.29 ppm. To prevent the "worst" scenarios of climate change, immediate and significant reductions in CO₂ emissions through carbon management are needed.

Aim. Analysis of the current state of research and prospects for the use of carbonic anhydrase in environmental decarbonization programs.

Results. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme that accelerates the exchange of CO₂ and HCO₃ in solution by a factor of 104 to 106. To date, 7 types of CAs have been identified in different organisms. CA is required to provide a rapid supply of CO₂ and HCO₃ for various metabolic pathways in the body, explaining its multiple independent origins during evolution. Enzymes isolated from bacteria and mammalian tissues have been tested in CO₂ sequestration projects using carbonic anhydrase (CA). The most studied is one of the isoforms of human KAz - hCAII - the most active natural enzyme. Its drawbacks have been instability over time, high sensitivity to temperature, low tolerance to contaminants such as sulfur compounds and the impossibility of reuse. Molecular modeling and enzyme immobilisation methods were used to overcome these limitations. Immobilisation was shown to provide excellent thermal and storage stability and increased reusability.

Conclusions. Capturing carbon dioxide using carbonic anhydrase (CA) is one of the most cost-effective methods to mitigate global warming, the development of which requires significant efforts to improve the stability and thermal stability of CAs.

Key words: climate, decarbonization, biosequestration of CO₂, carbonic anhydrase, immobilization of enzymes.

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