CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL AND CAKE FROM Spirogyra porticallis D. D. Gaiya, L. L. Ashafa, M. E. Entonu, S. K. Udu

Details: Hits: 636

ISSN 2410-7751 (Print)
ISSN 2410-776X (Online)

Biotechnologia Acta V. 14, No 3, 2021
Р. 54-61, Bibliography , English
Universal Decimal Classification: 582.263.2
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.03.054

CHARACTERIZATION OF OIL AND CAKE FROM Spirogyra porticallis

D. D. Gaiya ^{1, 3}, L. L. Ashafa ⁴, M. E. Entonu^{1, 2, 3}, S. K. Udu ^{1, 2, 3}

¹ Department of Biology, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna Nigeria
²African Centre of Excellence for Neglected Tropical Diseases and Forensic Biotechnology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
³ Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna State University, Nigeria

Aim. Search of healthy and edible alternative oils from algae. Such oil provides many health benefits mainly because of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) form of omega-3 fattyacids and some other micro nutrients in smaller amounts.

Methods. Soxhlet extraction method was used to extract the oil with n-hexane as the solvent. The proximate composition was determined by AOAC methods, while the mineral contents were determined by AAS. FTIR and UV-Visible spectra of the oil were run using Agilent- FTIR Spectrometer and UV-Visible Spectrophotometer respectively.

Results. The oil yield was very low (1.05%). The proximate composition reveals carbohydrate as the major nutrient in the residue (79.18%), others include lipid (8.03%), crude protein (5.00%), moisture (2.78%), crude fibre (3.01%) and ash (2.00%). The mineral composition reveals high amount of potassium (1602.5 mg/100g) and calcium (632.5 mg/100g) with low levels of phosphorous (14.9 mg/100g) and sodium (12.8 mg/100g). The FTIR spectrum of algae oil is similar to the normal vegetable oil. Stretching vibrations at 2922.2 cm^-1 and 2855 cm^-1 are attributed to methylene (-CH_2--) and methyl (-CH₃) groups while absorption bands at 1710 cm^-1 and 1744 cm^-1showed carboxylic groups for algae oil and vegetable oil (control) which was attributed to C=O stretching vibrations (esters). The UV-Visible spectrum of algae oil showed two peaks at 408 nm and 660 nm for carotenoids and chlorophyll A respectively, which corroborate with previous studies.

Conclusions. We conclude that the oil and cake characterized from Spirogyra porticallis has great potential for medicinal and nutritional usage.

Key words: Spirogyra porticallis, Algae, Docosahexaenoic acid, Carotenoid, Chlorophyll, Soxhlet extraction, Agilent- FTIR Spectrometer.

References

1. Fennema R. O., Tannenbaum S. R. Introduction to Food Chemistry. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York. 1996. 1-64 p.

2. Huntley M. E., Redalje D. G. CO2 Mitigation and Renewable Oil from Photosynthetic Microbes: A NewAppraisal. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. 2007, V. 12, P. 573-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-7304-1

3. A. O. A. C. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th Edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington DC. 1990. 223-995 p.

4. Laurens L. M. L., Wolfrum E. J. Feasibility of Spectroscopic Characterization of Algal Lipids: Chemometric Correlation of NIR and FTIR Spectra with Exogenous Lipidsin Algal Biomass. BioEnergy Research. 2011, 4 (1), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-010-9098-y

5. Chisti Y. Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanology. Trends Biotechnol. 2008, 26 (3), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.002

6. Benemann J. R., Oswald W. J. Systems and Economic Analysis of microalgae ponds for conversion of CO2 to biomass Final Report. Pittsburgh Energy Technology center, California University, CA (United States). 1996. https://doi.org/10.2172/493389

7. Iroka C. F., Akachukwu E. E., Adimonyemma R. N., Okereke N. C., Nwogiji C. O. Effects of Induced Ripening on the Proximate, Biochemical and Mineral Compositions of Carica papaya (Pawpaw Fruit). European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 15 (3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2016/26260

8. Baig R. U., Malik A., Ali K., Arif S., Hussain S., Mehmood M., Sami K., Mengal A. N., Khan M. N. Extraction of oil from algae for biodiesel production from Quetta Pakistan. IOP Conference Series: Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018, V. 14, P. 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/414/1/012022

9. Feng Y., Li C., Zhang D. Lipid production of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in artificial waste water medium. Bioresource Technology. 2011, 102 (1), 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.016

10. Dean A. P., Sigee D. C., Estrada B., Pittman J. K. Using FTIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of lipid accumulation in response to nitrogen limitation in freshwater microalgae. Bioresource Technology. 2010, 101 (12), 4499-4507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.065

11. Murdock J. N., Wetzel D. L. FTIR micro spectroscopy enhances biological and ecological analysis of algae. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews. 2009, 44 (4), 335-361. https://doi.org/10.1080/05704920902907440

12. Okonkwo S. I., Okafor E. C. Determination of the Proximate Composition Physicochemical Analysis and Characterization of Fatty Acid on the Seed and Oil of Gossypium Hirsutum. International Journal of Chemistry. 2016, 8 (3) 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijc.v8n3p57

13. Essiett U., Akpan E. Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Constituents of Aspilia africana (Pers) C. D. Adams and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl) A. Gray Stems (Asteraceae). Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological. 2013, 1 (02), 23-30. https://doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.2.5

14. Barborka C. J. Treatment by Diets. 2nd Edition. JB Lippincott Co, Philadelphia. 1970, 105 p.

15. Hu Q., Sommerfeld M., Jarvis E., Ghirardi M., Posewitz M., Seibert M., Darzins A. Microalgal triacylglycerols as feedstocks for biofuel production: Perspectives and advances. The Plant Journal. 2008, 54 (4), 621-639. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03492.x

16. Agarwal S. K., Rastogi R. P. Triterpenoid saponins and their genius. Phytochemistry. 1974, 13 (4), 2623-2645. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(74)80217-7

17. Agwa O., Abu G. Influence of Various Nitrogen Sources on Biomass and Lipid Production by Chlorella vulgaris. British Biotechnology Journal. 2016, 15 (2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.9734/BBJ/2016/21727

18. Hirschmugl C. J., Bayarri Z., Bunta M., Holt J. B., Giordano M. Analysis of the nutritional status of algae by Fourier transform infrared chemical imaging." Infrared Physics&Technology. 2006, 49 (1-2), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2006.01.032

19. Garc?a-Closas R., Castellsagu? X., Bosch X., Gonz?lez C. A. The role of diet and nutrition in cervical carcinogenesis: A review of recent evidence. International Journal of Cancer. 2005, 117 (4), 629-637. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21193

20. Davidson S., Passmore R., Brock J. F., Truswell A. S. Human Nutrition and Dietetics. 7 Auflage, 640 Seiten, 83 Abb., 141 Tab. Churchill Livingstone Inc., Edinburgh, London, New York. 1979,14 p.