Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 3, 2023
P. 5-23, Bibliography 19, Engl.
UDC 637.354
DOIL https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.03.005

Full text: (PDF, in English)

ALYTICAL REVIEW OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROBLEM OF UKRAINIAN HARD CHEESES 

¹ Yuliya Skril, ¹Olha Shved, ¹Zoriana Hubrii, ²Olena Vichko, ³Teobald Kupka

¹ Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
² Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
3Opole University, Institute of Chemistry, Poland

An analytical review of the biotechnological process of production of various hard and semi-hard cheeses in the EU and Ukraine, as well as domestic recipes of fermented cheeses for production at craft cheese factories and homes, was conducted. An analysis of the conditions of the critical stages of production, including fermentation, coagulation, and ripening, was carried out. The composition and type of lactic acid bacteria in sourdough for fermented cheeses, as well as enzymes for fermentolysis and coagulation of milk casein, were studied. As a result of a complex study, a total of 73 types of hard and semi-hard cheeses were analyzed: 35 recipes of the New England Cheesemaking Supply Company by Jim Wallace; 30 production processes of hard and semi-hard cheeses from the EU; 8 technical conditions of hard cheeses of Ukrainian producers. It is shown that the prospects for optimizing the development of new types of hard and semi-hard cheeses in Ukraine are mainly related to the regulation of the time and temperature of fermentation, cooking, and ripening of cheeses, as well as the expansion of the biodiversity of the primary and secondary microbiome of starter cultures to improve the taste and aroma of the ready-to-use product.

Purpose: to analyze the fermentation process and recipes for the production of hard cheeses in Ukraine with the primary world samples, to compare the composition and type of lactic acid bacteria in industrial and craft starters, as well as the types of enzymes for fermentolysis and casein coagulation of milk, in order to optimize production to improve the taste and aroma of ready-to-use product.

Materials and methods. Methodical analysis and abstract-logical method for summarizing the evaluation criteria of the biotechnological process of various hard and semi-hard domestic cheeses with world samples according to recommendations, requirements, and standards with the development of patents, technical conditions of their production in the EU and Ukraine; DSTU 6003 (Solid cheeses); New England Cheesemaking Supply Company cheese recipes by Jim Wallace. Methods of statistical analysis, systematization, comparison, and generalization of information processing the obtained data.

Results. In this study, the documentation was examined and the data of standards, regulations, requirements, and recommendations regarding the biotechnology of hard and semi-hard cheeses were analyzed; an analysis of the market of hard cheeses and the peculiarities of the fermentation process of their production was carried out with the determination of critical points and key stages of production using industrial deposited fermentation producers and protein enzymes coagulation and biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in sourdoughs for fermented cheeses at world productions, with an assessment of the prospects for developing new and improving the biotechnology of Ukrainian benign and safe hard cheeses for healthy nutrition.

Key words: hard cheese, semihard cheese, acidification, mesophilic and thermophilic lactic bacteria, coagulation, rennet, chymosin, renin, pepsin, cheese maturation, microbiome.  

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023