REGULATION OF CHLOROPHY LL DEGRADATION IN PLANT TISSUES Syvash O. O., Zolotareva O. K.

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"Biotechnologia Acta" V. 10, No 3, 2017, Р. 20-30
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech10.03.020
in English

3 2017

REGULATION OF CHLOROPHY LL DEGRADATION IN PLANT TISSUES

Kholodny Institute of Botanyof the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

The purpose of the review was to analyze the basic biochemical processes leading to the chlorophyll degradation and ways to control this process in plant product storage. First of all, this is a complex of enzymatic reactions starting with the hydrolysis of chlorophyll with the formation of acyclic diterpene phytol and water-soluble chlorophyllide. An alternative primary reaction is the removal of magnesium from the chlorophyll tetrapyrrole ring to form pheophytin with the participation of Mg²⁺-dechelatase and/or low-molecular Mg²⁺-dechelating substances. The chlorophyll breakdown can also be caused by free radicals formed in the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction of Н₂О₂ with phenolic compounds or fatty acids. The unstable product of chlorophyll peroxidation, C13² –hydroxychlorophyll a decomposes to colorless low-molecular compounds. Expression of the genes of chlorophyll catabolism enzymes is controlled by phytohormones. Methods for controlling the pigment decomposition during storage of plant products are associated with the use of activators and inhibitors of chlorophyll decomposition. The best known inductor of the synthesis of catabolic enzymes is ethylene, widely used to accelerate fruit ripening. Gibberellins, cytokinins and nitric oxide, on the contrary, slow down the loss of chlorophyll.

Key words: chlorophyll, chlorophyllase, pheophytin, peroxidase, phytohormones, ethylene.

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