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Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 1 , 2023
P., 5-20 Bibliography 97, Engl.
UDC: 577.1
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.01.005           

 

COMBINED NANOCHEMOTHERAPY USING DOXORUBICIN AND CURCUMIN AS AN EXAMPLE

M. I. KANIUK

Palladina Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv

The aim of the work was to review literature data on combined nanochemotherapy using the example of two drugs ̶doxorubicin and curcumin. Special attention was paid to the use of substances with synergistic properties in one nanoparticle, capable to penetrate into living cell.

The method of combined chemotherapy of nanopreparations improves processing efficiency. The technique of using nanocontainers with synergistic drugs in combination with ligands reduces the side effects of chemotherapy drugs.

Results. Literature data indicate that the use of nanopreparations contributes the rapid creation and use of synergistic combinations that were purposefully delivered to target cells, reducing dosage due to precise targeting. A promising direction of nanomedicine is the creation of multifunctional nanomaterials based on several active drugs having synergistic properties, with the simultaneous use of their enhancers and the strategy of active targeting. These structures enabled targeted and controlled penetration of medicinal compounds into the localization of pathological processes, reducing drugs toxicity for normal cells.

Conclusions. Combined chemotherapy using polymers and nanoparticles with ligands, in which synergistic drugs are included, ensures to reduce side effects and doses of chemotherapy drugs, and helps to overcome multiple drug resistance as well.

Key words: Combined nanochemotherapy, doxorubicin, curcumin, synergism, active targeting.

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023

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Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 1 , 2023
P. 21-39, Bibliography, 49 Engl.
UDC: 579/2
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.01.021

MICROBIAL CO-CULTIVATION: DISCOVERY OF NOVEL SECONDARY METABOLITES WITH DIFFERENT BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

T.P. Pirog 1, 2, M.S. Ivanov 1

1 National University of Food Technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine
2 Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine

In recent decades, overuse and misuse of antibiotics as well as social and economic factors have accelerated the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, making them a major problem for humanity. One of the most effective approaches to the discovery of new secondary antimicrobial metabolites is co-cultivation of microorganisms, in which the producer of the target products is grown together with competitive microorganisms ( inductors), in response to the presence of which silent biosynthetic genes of the producer strain are activated and an increase in the biological activity of the synthesized secondary metabolites and/or even the synthesis of new metabolites is observed. The review summarizes the current literature data on the co-cultivation of antimicrobial substances producers with competitive microorganisms, which results in the synthesis of new metabolites with antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity, not typical for monocultures. During the co-cultivation of fungi, bacteria, and fungi with bacteria, the synthesis of new antimicrobial and anticancer metabolites, which are classified as alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, macrolides, polyketides, cyclopeptides, terpenoids, anthraquinones, and steroids, is observed. These data indicate that the mixed fermentation of microorganisms is a simple, cheap, and quite effective way to obtain new metabolites that are promising for use in medicine.

Key words: co-cultivation, antimicrobial products, anticancer agents.

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023

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Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 1 , 2023
P. 40-50, Bibliography 36, Engl.
UDC:  631.147.99 
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.01.040

MAIN ASPECTS OF THE MANUFACTURER OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN UKRAINE

Nataliia Оhоrоdnyk1, Оksana Svarchevska 2, Olha Shved 3, Teobald Kupka 4

1 Liviv National Environmental University, Ukraine
2 Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Lviv, Ukraine
3 Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
4 Opole University, Institute of Chemistry, Polska

The article is devoted to highlighting the state and prospects for the development of organic production in Ukraine. The main requirements for the production, classification and labeling of organic products of animal and plant origin are presented. The current legal norms governing their certification and circulation are emphasized. The key provisions regarding evaluation and regulation in this field of activity are reflected. The stages of improvement of the domestic legislative framework of organic production are shown on the way of adaptation to European standards.Purpose. To highlight the state and prospects for the development of organic production in Ukraine and the improvement of the legislative framework of organic production on the way to adaptation to European standards.

Materials and methods. Methodical analysis and abstract-logical method for summarizing the criteria for evaluating the formation, development and integration of domestic organic production into the structure of the world production of safe products of animal husbandry and crop production.

Results. The article describes in detail the development of the organic movement, which is a promising lever for food security in Ukraine. Therefore, the work on the legal regulation of the activities of domestic producers of organic products does not stop. The legislation is improving in the direction of introducing effective state support in this area at the regional and national levels. Of course, organic feed production, animal husbandry and crop production will continue to exist in parallel with non-organic production. However, the principles and relationship of these systems will depend significantly on the availability of energy sources, plant protection products, fertilizers, soil fertility, care for the preservation of the natural environment, ensuring welfare population and its needs in healthy nutrition. In addition, for the restoration of agricultural lands, demining and bioremediation with the use of bacterial and phytoremediation of soil and water resources should be applied. For this, after the liberation of our state, a return to the peaceful management of the national economy is necessary. We believe in the victory and restoration of Ukraine with the help of allied states and people of good will.

Key words: organic products, certification, marking, European standards, legal principles of organic market regulation.

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023

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Biotechnologia Acta Т. 16, No. 1 , 2023
P., 51-56 Bibliography 20, Engl.
UDC: 664.785.86 
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.01.051

ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED AND ENZYMATIC-BASED METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF β-GLUCANS FROM OAT BRAN

V. V. Korsa, A. O. Tykhomyrov

Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv

β-Glucans are a group of non-starchy polysaccharides, or (1,3),(1,4)-β-D-glucans, that can be found in the cell walls of several species of bacteria, algae, lichens, fungi, and cereal grains. These carbohydrates are extensively used in food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and healthcare, therefore optimization of the extraction and isolation of β-glucans from grain sources has an especial importance in various fields of biotechnology, drug design, food science and technology.

The aim of the study was to develop an optimized technological scheme for isolation of β-glucans from oat bran based on ultrasonic and enzymatic processing of raw material.

Materials and methods. β-Glucans were isolated from grinded oat cereals during multi-stage process, which includes extraction of grain fats, hydrobarothermic processing, ultrasonification, enzymatic hydrolysis of concomitant starch and proteins, precipitation of β-glucan fraction by ethanol, centrifugation, and dry-freezing. Yield of β-glucans from raw material and its concentration in the final product were determined after hydrolysis by sulfuric acid or enzymatic cleavage by endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase.

Results. As shown by acidic hydrolysis of the final product, the yield of β-glucans was 10.8 ± 0.23% and concentration was 79.6 ± 3.89%, while enzymatic hydrolysis gave 8.7 ± 0.82% and 65.1 ± 4.72%, respectively. Thus, the use of hydrobarothermic and ultrasound pre-treatment of raw material in combination with proteolytic digestion of ballast lipids and proteins allowed producing oat β-glucans in amounts comparable with those in case of acid- or alkali-based procedures.

Conclusions. The described technological scheme of β-glucan isolation from oat bran based on sequential hydrobarothermic processing, ultrasonification, and enzymatic removing starch and proteins can be widely used for routine β-glucan production for various purposes in food technology, pharmacological industry, and medicine.

Key words: β-glucan; oat; hydrobarothermic processing; ultrasonification; enzymatic hydrolysis

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023

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Biotechnologia Acta V. 16, No. 1 , 2023
P.,57-66, Bibliogr. 38, Engl.
UDC: 571.27; 612.017.11; 612.112.3; 616.894-053.8
https://doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.01.057

MICROGLIAL PHAGOCYTOSIS IN RATS WITH DIFFERENT MODELS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

A. Nefedova, M.Rudyk, R.Dovhyi, L.Skivka

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

Neuroinflammation is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD and are active participants in neuroinflammation. Adequate reproduction of neuroinflammation in animal models is one of the main methodological approaches for studying AD pathogenesis and pathophysiology.

The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative assessment of the phagocytic activity of microglia in rats with AD induced by intrahippocampal administration of beta-amyloid (Aβ) 1-40 and Aβ25-35.

Materials and methods. Wistar male rats were used in the study. Intact and sham-operated animals were used as controls. The development of the disease was confirmed by the assessment of cognitive impairment in the Barnes maze behavioral test, as well as by the level of dopaminergic neurons (DN). The phagocytic activity of microglia, as well as oxidative metabolism and the expression of phenotypic markers CD80 and CD206 were determined by flow cytometry.

Results. In animals with Aβ 1-40-induced AD, significant impairment of cognitive activity and loss of DN were registered, microglial cells were characterized by an increase in the proportion of phagocytic cells and an increase in their endocytic activity, augmented oxidative metabolism and overexpression of CD86 and CD206. In animals with Aβ 25-35-induced AD, moderate impairment of cognitive activity was observed, microglial cells were characterized only by an increase in the number of phagocytizing cells without changes in their endocytic activity, oxidative metabolism, and expression of phenotypic markers.

Conclusion. Thus, in animals with Aβ1–40-induced AD, the pro-inflammatory functional profile of microglia, which is characteristic for neuroinflammation in the clinical course of the disease, is more adequately reproduced.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease, microglia, phagocytosis, inflammation.

© Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2023

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